Role of Phytoremediation in Removing Air Pollutants: A Review
Hasnain Raza, Tehmina Bibi, Haseena Bibi, Muhammad Junaid Asim, Huda Bilal, Awais Rasheed, Muhammad Bilal Shoukat, Attiq Ur Rehman
DOI : 10.36344/ccijavs.2021.v03i06.001 | Cross Current Int J Agri Vet Sci; 2021, 3(6): 47-53
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Air pollution has become a global issue in recent years due to increasing health and socioeconomic risks. It has negative effects on human health in both indoor and outdoor environments. There is a growing severity and impact of these threats, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan that have no adequate systems of alert, management, and protection. The main problem facing the scientific community now is to reduce air pollutant emissions properly. Phytoremediation seems a promising prospect: an environmentally sustainable, low-cost, plant-based approach to maintenance, soil stabilization, and aesthetical pleasure. The present review discusses Pakistan's indigenous plants, which have the potential to mitigate specific air pollutants.
Original Research Article
Anther Culture Response of Selected Genotypes of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L)
D.M.H. Ranasinghe, H.M.P.S. Kumari, P.A. Weerasinghe
DOI : 10.36344/ccijavs.2021.v03i05.001 | Cross Current Int J Agri Vet Sci; 2021, 3(5): 47-53
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The experiment was conducted to study anther culture response in selected genotypes of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) with the objectives of finding suitable callus induction and regeneration media to speed up the plant breeding programme. The research was designed in Completely Randomized Design. Two different callus induction media were used with different concentrations of NAA 5 mgL-1 (CI-1) and 2.5 mgL-1 (CI-2) on MS medium to find out the best medium for callus induction using Capsicum anthers. The highest percentage of callus induction (52.17%) was obtained in 2.5 mgL-1 NAA (CI-2). To compare the best capsicum variety for callus induction, anthers of one inbred line (1782) and six F1 hybrid varieties (HORDI CAH-43, HORDI CAH-44, HORDI CAH-45, HORDI CAH-46, HORDI CAH-47, HORDI CAH-48) were cultured on CI-2 medium which presented the best callus induction. There was a significant effect in variety-wise comparison (p<0.05) on anther callus induction. The HORDI CAH-45 was given the highest percentage of callus induction (59.32%). Selected calli from the above experiment were transferred into six different callus regeneration media of 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mgL-1 Kinetin, and 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 mgL-1 Glycine to find out the suitable callus regeneration medium. Callus enlargement and greening had significant (p<0.05) effects on different concentrations of Kinetin and Glycine media. The highest percentage of callus enlargement (99.25%) was obtained in 2.0 mgL-1 Glycine from HORDI CAH-43 and the highest percentage of greening (88.89%) was obtained in 2.0 mgL-1 Kinetin from HORDI CAH-45. It can be concluded that HORDI CAH-45 F1 hybrid variety was the best for callus induction in the MS medium supplemented 2.5 mgL-1 NAA and for the greening of callus in the MS medium combined with 2.0 mgL-1 Kinetin. The best callus enlargement was obtained in MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mgL-1 Glycine from HORDI CAH-43.
Original Research Article
Factors Influencing Female Empowerment and its Benefits in Community Development in Imo State, Nigeria
Njoku JIK, Mbah GO
DOI : 10.36344/ccijavs.2021.v03i04.002 | Cross Current Int J Agri Vet Sci; 2021, 3(4): 40-46
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This study analyzed the factors influencing female empowerment and its benefits in community development in Imo State, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to describe the socio-economic characteristic of the respondents, examine the constraints to female empowerment, and ascertain the ways of female empowerment and factors influencing female empowerment. Multi stage random sampling technique was used in selecting 120 respondents for the study. Data for the study obtained were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The study also revealed that an average of 51.3% of the respondents strongly agreed on the perceived effects of female empowerment on community development while 25.50% of them agreed on the perceived benefits as 12.1% strongly disagreed while 11.1% disagreed on the perceived effects of female empowerment in community development. Results of multiple regression revealed that female empowerment at 1% level of probability indicate that age at 5%, income at 10%, education at 5% level of probability were the determinants of female empowerment in the study area. Result showed that the major constraints to female empowerment were: poor assess to productive resources (x ̅=2.8), lack of quality education (x ̅=2.77) and poor political representation (x ̅=2.74) while the major ways of female empowerment were providing training (3.25), providing opportunities (3.02), mentoring (2.83) and decision making positions. The study concluded that female empowerment improves health care and well-being of families and communities. The study therefore recommends that communities should be mobilized to support victims of gender based violence provide platforms for female girls and women’s voice to be heard.
Original Research Article
In vivo and In vitro Seed Germination of an Endemic Rhododendron Species (Rhododendron arboreum subsp. zeylanicum) in Sri Lanka
S.H. Sandeepani, M.M.D.J. Senaratna, P.A.Weerasinghe, H.M.I.G.N.K. Haluwana
DOI : 10.36344/ccijavs.2021.v03i04.001 | Cross Current Int J Agri Vet Sci; 2021, 3(4): 25-39
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Rhododendron arboreum subsp. zeylanicum is an endemic woody plant found in Sri Lanka. Although it is a vulnerable plant and has ornamental value. Rhododendron species naturally grow from seeds and regeneration rate is low. The vegetative propagation of most woody rhododendrons is slow. The investigation of seed germination is important for the conservation of this species. The first experiment was carried out to study the effect of growing media (Unsterilized native soil, native soil: coir dust (1:1), native soil: leaf mould (1:1), coir dust: sand (1:1), native soil: sand (1:1), and clay soil) and to compare the impact on two geographical locations (Peradeniya and Hakgala) for in vivo seed germination. The second experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different culture media (Anderson (ADW), autoclaved distilled water + agar, ½ strength Murashige and Skoog (MS), and full-strength MS) with two different sterilization methods (15% Clorox with few drops of Teepol for 15 minutes and 20% Clorox with few drops of Teepol for 10 minutes) on in vitro seed germination. The germination percentage was significantly affected by the location and growing media. The highest germination percentage was recorded in coir dust: sand medium (1:1). Hakgala is better than Peradeniya for in vivo seed germination. In the in vitro seed germination, the lowest germination and the highest contamination percentages were recorded in the full-strength MS medium. The highest root length was recorded in the seeds treated with ADW + agar. And the highest plant height was recorded in the seeds treated in ADW + agar with 20% Clorox and few drops of Teepol for 10 minutes.
Original Research Article
Studies on Fungal Pathogens Isolated from Oral Cavity of Camel (Camelus dromedarius) on Bordered Local Government Areas of Sokoto State
Kasarawa, A. B. , Salau, I. A., Aliyu R. M
DOI : 10.36344/ccijavs.2021.v03i03.002 | Cross Current Int J Agri Vet Sci; 2021, 3(3): 22-24
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This study was carried out to determine the fungal pathogens which isolated from oral cavity of camel in bordered Local Government Areas of Sokoto State. Fourty (40) samples of camel oral cavity were collected from camel herds in Illela, Gada, Gudu and Sabon Birni Local Government Areas in Sokoto and were analyzed using microbial culture, fungal staining and microscopic features. The results of the study revealed that all the fourty samples of camel oral swab collected and analyzed were positive for fungal growth. The fungal pathogens isolated from the oral swab samples were Aspergillus flavus (20), Mucor spp. (12) and Candida tropicalis (08), which is classified in to (30) species of mould and (10) species of yeast. The study shows that fungal pathogens present in the oral cavity of camel were mainly mould with least occurrence of yeast. Consequently, is recommended that public and National awareness campaign that involves the raising of standard of living and hygiene mostly in the rural areas can help to educate the herders on the dangers associated with Oro-fungal thrush of camels.
Original Research Article
Study of the Causes of Death of Mango Stands in Some Fadama Lands of Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
Nasiru A. M., Idris M.
DOI : 10.36344/ccijavs.2021.v03i03.001 | Cross Current Int J Agri Vet Sci; 2021, 3(3): 15-21
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Study on the Etiology of mango (Mangifera indica) tree mortality was conducted in some Fadama (Lowland) Areas of Sokoto metropolis, with the aim of determining; early visible symptoms associated with the diseases that lead to the death of mango trees and identify the pathogens responsible for the diseases. Mango owners were selected from four different locations; besides Kwalkwalawa, Tori farm, Western Bye pass and Tashar Illela Bridge. Random sampling was used to identify 50 respondents who were interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Farmers knowledge and perception on most frequent early visible symptom that often leads to the death of mango trees were determined, the result showed significant variation on farmers perception on the possible cause of mango tree mortality as there were various factors such as insect, pathogens and abiotic stress. Based on the information obtained, samples were collected using purposive sampling procedure and the pathogen was isolated and identified as Fusarium solanii. It was concluded that farmer’s choice to take certain management practices such as pruning and irrigation on the farms not solely for the management of mango trees on the farms, but primarily for the benefit of their intercrops. Also, there are about eight different symptoms associated with the diseases responsible for the sudden death of mango trees in the study site. These include; gum exudation, bark splitting, discoloration and darkening of the bark, wilting of leaves, root decay, whitish substance on and around the root surfaces and wilting of branches. The study recommends awareness creation on good orchard management practices, regular monitoring of the orchards by the farmers and establishing link with expert by the farmers for advice.
