Original Research Article
Application of Generalizability Theory in Estimating Dependability of Public Examination Essay Questions in English Language in Rivers State
Ogunka, Richard Iheanyichukwu, Dr. Ijeoma M. Opara
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i04.006 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(4) | 91-99 |
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The study investigated the application of generalizability theory in estimating dependability of public examination essay questions in English language. The design is ex-post facto and two facet fully crossed G-Study and D- Study. The population was 36,705 senior secondary students. Taro Yamane formula was applied to estimate the sample from the population using multistage sampling procedure, simple random sampling techniques and purposive sampling technique to select 420 senior secondary school students who registered for both West African examination council and National examination council in Rivers Stat. The instruments were West African Examination Council and National Examination Council essay questions papers 2018.The data obtained were analysed using Variance Component; G-Study and D-Study calculated by applying Felaye’s formula. Results showed items variance components contributed high, generalizability coefficient and index of dependability are low 2018 essay questions in English language West African examination council and Students variance components contributed high, generalizability coefficient and index of dependability relatively high in 2018 essay questions in English language conducted by National examination council. Recommendations, public examination bodies should store verified psychometric properties essay questions in English language in their item bank for sales to users, they should create community of data analyst especially with estimation of Generalizability theory. Students should be encouraged by both parents and teachers to study hard, since exit examination are for certification which is a criteria for tertiary institution admission. Test developers should be consistent with syllabus in arranging test items. Raters should be trained on rating skills to maintain rater agreement School administrators and education managers should provide conducive environment and support for conduct of examinations by public examination bodies.
A Few Words about Legal System
Siniša Franjić
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i04.005 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(4) | 85-90 |
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Law is the totality of legal rules, principles and institutes which regulate relations in a certain social community. They regulate the relations between people, and the relations of people towards the social community in which they live and to whose rules they submit. The legal system is a set of legal norms that exist in a country, which is also called a positive legal system. The legal system is a systematized complex of all legal rules. The elements of the legal system are: the legal system as a whole, the legal group, the legal branch, the legal rule and the legal institutes.
The Influence of Cultural Differences between Chinese and English on Translation
Hongping Chen, Yu Zhang
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i04.001 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(4) | 67-72 |
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As a bridge of cultural communication, translation is not only the transformation between different words, but also the collision of different languages in the way of thinking, cultural background and cognitive style. Many scholars have carried out a large number of translations from the perspective of cross linguistic activity. However Nida even claims that “for truly successful translating, biculturalism is even more important than bilingualism”. Therefore, this thesis will focus on analyzing the influence of cultural difference between Chinese and English on translation.
Analysis on Strickland’s Pursuit in The Moon and Sixpence
Hongping Chen, Xu Qian
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i04.004 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(4) | 80-84 |
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The Moon and sixpence is one of the three major novels of the British novelist, Maugham William Somerset. The full paper discusses the remarkable life of Strickland. The paper focuses on Strickland’s pursuit. To begin with, it introduces two major pursuits in Strickland’s life. One of the pursuit is freedom, and another is the pursuit of dreams. These two major pursuits had made great difference on Strickland. He gives up the sixpence that ordinary people yearn for and pursue the moon in his heart. Then the paper analyzes the reasons for the pursuit of freedom and dream and the ways to pursue them. This paper aims at studying Strickland’s life. From his different choices, I analyze the importance of freedom and dreams to everyone and reveals how to make a choice between the moon and sixpence in the novel.
Analysis of the Different Growth Environments for Children of Rural Areas in The Grass House and Anne of Green Gables
Hongping Chen, Haoshan Niu
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i04.003 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(4) | 76-79 |
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The Grass House describes Sang Sang’s unforgettable and impressive elementary school life which has lasted six years. This great novel presents readers the growth environments, set in Yau Ma Tei, for children from China’s countryside. Anne of Green Gables depicts the living environments in Canadian rural areas. By entering into the process the Anne’s growth environments, readers can detect Canadian rural children’s special conditions. By analyzing the two books, we can find that there are many differences in the growth environments in Chinese and Canadian rural areas. The differences can be divided into two parts: cultural environments and natural environments. Cultural environments can be divided into three parts: education system, customs, and the sense of value. And natural environments consist of buildings, climate, and rural planning, etc. By comparing the different environments, we can find the best growing environments for children.
A Comparative Study on the Cultural Connotations of “Red” in English and Chinese
Hongping Chen, Xueyan Zhang
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i04.002 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(4) | 73-75 |
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Color terms are abundant in both English and Chinese, such as red, yellow, green and blue. As an important color term in both cultures, “red” is frequently used in our daily life. There are rich cultural meanings behind the word “red”. Different nations of different cultural backgrounds, or individuals from the same nation with the same backgrounds but belonging to different social groups, have different views of various colors in cross-cultural contact. Color perceptions differs, resulting in a sequence of associative meanings for color words. In order to learn English well and communicate successfully with foreigners in cross-cultural communication, it is necessary to make a comparative study on the cultural connotations of "red" in both languages. This thesis makes a comparative study on the semantic meaning, associative meaning and cultural connotations of red in both English and Chinese cultures. Through the comparative study, the thesis reveals the differences and similarities of the cultural connotations of "red” in both languages.
Diachronic Changes of Chinese Phatic Communion and Its Change Tendency — Phatic Communion Used in Chinese TV Plays and Films
Hongping Chen, Xiaoxiao Zhang
DOI : 10.36344/ccijhss.2021.v07i03.002 | Cross Current Int J Peer Reviewed J Human Soc Sci | 2021 | 7(3) | 62-66 |
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Phatic communion is used to establish and maintain interpersonal relationships and social status, which aims to avoid embarrassment and release the stress of exchanging information. Different languages have different phatic communions, and the phatic communion also changes as time goes by. So this article tends to explore the changes of phatic communion in China by analyzing phatic communion used in Chinese TV plays and films at different times, and figures out the change tendency and reasons for these changes.
